Scaling

Scaling — Scaling pixbufs and scaling and compositing pixbufs

Synopsis


#include <gdk-pixbuf/gdk-pixbuf.h>


enum        GdkInterpType;
GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple         (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type);
void        gdk_pixbuf_scale                (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                             int dest_x,
                                             int dest_y,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             double offset_x,
                                             double offset_y,
                                             double scale_x,
                                             double scale_y,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type);
GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple
                                            (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                             int overall_alpha,
                                             int check_size,
                                             guint32 color1,
                                             guint32 color2);
void        gdk_pixbuf_composite            (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                             int dest_x,
                                             int dest_y,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             double offset_x,
                                             double offset_y,
                                             double scale_x,
                                             double scale_y,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                             int overall_alpha);
void        gdk_pixbuf_composite_color      (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                             int dest_x,
                                             int dest_y,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             double offset_x,
                                             double offset_y,
                                             double scale_x,
                                             double scale_y,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                             int overall_alpha,
                                             int check_x,
                                             int check_y,
                                             int check_size,
                                             guint32 color1,
                                             guint32 color2);
enum        GdkPixbufRotation;
GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_rotate_simple        (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             GdkPixbufRotation angle);
GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_flip                 (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             gboolean horizontal);


Description

The gdk-pixbuf contains functions to scale pixbufs, to scale pixbufs and composite against an existing image, and to scale pixbufs and composite against a solid color or checkerboard. Compositing a checkerboard is a common way to show an image with an alpha channel in image-viewing and editing software.

Since the full-featured functions (gdk_pixbuf_scale(), gdk_pixbuf_composite(), and gdk_pixbuf_composite_color()) are rather complex to use and have many arguments, two simple convenience functions are provided, gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple() and gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple() which create a new pixbuf of a given size, scale an original image to fit, and then return the new pixbuf.

The following example demonstrates handling an expose event by rendering the appropriate area of a source image (which is scaled to fit the widget) onto the widget's window. The source image is rendered against a checkerboard, which provides a visual representation of the alpha channel if the image has one. If the image doesn't have an alpha channel, calling gdk_pixbuf_composite_color() function has exactly the same effect as calling gdk_pixbuf_scale().

Example 2. Handling an expose event.

gboolean
expose_cb (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventExpose *event, gpointer data)
{
  GdkPixbuf *dest;

  dest = gdk_pixbuf_new (GDK_COLORSPACE_RGB, FALSE, 8, event->area.width, event->area.height);

  gdk_pixbuf_composite_color (pixbuf, dest,
                              0, 0, event->area.width, event->area.height,
                              -event->area.x, -event->area.y,
                              (double) widget->allocation.width / gdk_pixbuf_get_width (pixbuf),
                              (double) widget->allocation.height / gdk_pixbuf_get_height (pixbuf),
                              GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR, 255,
                              event->area.x, event->area.y, 16, 0xaaaaaa, 0x555555);

  gdk_pixbuf_render_to_drawable (dest, widget->window, widget->style->fg_gc[GTK_STATE_NORMAL],
                                 0, 0, event->area.x, event->area.y,
                                 event->area.width, event->area.height,
                                 GDK_RGB_DITHER_NORMAL, event->area.x, event->area.y);
  
  gdk_pixbuf_unref (dest);
  
  return TRUE;
}
  

Details

enum GdkInterpType

typedef enum {
	GDK_INTERP_NEAREST,
	GDK_INTERP_TILES,
	GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR,
	GDK_INTERP_HYPER
} GdkInterpType;

This enumeration describes the different interpolation modes that can be used with the scaling functions. GDK_INTERP_NEAREST is the fastest scaling method, but has horrible quality when scaling down. GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR is the best choice if you aren't sure what to choose, it has a good speed/quality balance.

Note

Cubic filtering is missing from the list; hyperbolic interpolation is just as fast and results in higher quality.

GDK_INTERP_NEAREST Nearest neighbor sampling; this is the fastest and lowest quality mode. Quality is normally unacceptable when scaling down, but may be OK when scaling up.
GDK_INTERP_TILES This is an accurate simulation of the PostScript image operator without any interpolation enabled. Each pixel is rendered as a tiny parallelogram of solid color, the edges of which are implemented with antialiasing. It resembles nearest neighbor for enlargement, and bilinear for reduction.
GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR Best quality/speed balance; use this mode by default. Bilinear interpolation. For enlargement, it is equivalent to point-sampling the ideal bilinear-interpolated image. For reduction, it is equivalent to laying down small tiles and integrating over the coverage area.
GDK_INTERP_HYPER This is the slowest and highest quality reconstruction function. It is derived from the hyperbolic filters in Wolberg's "Digital Image Warping", and is formally defined as the hyperbolic-filter sampling the ideal hyperbolic-filter interpolated image (the filter is designed to be idempotent for 1:1 pixel mapping).

gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple ()

GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple         (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type);

Create a new GdkPixbuf containing a copy of src scaled to dest_width x dest_height. Leaves src unaffected. interp_type should be GDK_INTERP_NEAREST if you want maximum speed (but when scaling down GDK_INTERP_NEAREST is usually unusably ugly). The default interp_type should be GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR which offers reasonable quality and speed.

You can scale a sub-portion of src by creating a sub-pixbuf pointing into src; see gdk_pixbuf_new_subpixbuf().

For more complicated scaling/compositing see gdk_pixbuf_scale() and gdk_pixbuf_composite().

src : a GdkPixbuf
dest_width : the width of destination image
dest_height : the height of destination image
interp_type : the interpolation type for the transformation.
Returns : the new GdkPixbuf, or NULL if not enough memory could be allocated for it.

gdk_pixbuf_scale ()

void        gdk_pixbuf_scale                (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                             int dest_x,
                                             int dest_y,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             double offset_x,
                                             double offset_y,
                                             double scale_x,
                                             double scale_y,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type);

Creates a transformation of the source image src by scaling by scale_x and scale_y then translating by offset_x and offset_y, then renders the rectangle (dest_x, dest_y, dest_width, dest_height) of the resulting image onto the destination image replacing the previous contents.

Try to use gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple() first, this function is the industrial-strength power tool you can fall back to if gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple() isn't powerful enough.

src : a GdkPixbuf
dest : the GdkPixbuf into which to render the results
dest_x : the left coordinate for region to render
dest_y : the top coordinate for region to render
dest_width : the width of the region to render
dest_height : the height of the region to render
offset_x : the offset in the X direction (currently rounded to an integer)
offset_y : the offset in the Y direction (currently rounded to an integer)
scale_x : the scale factor in the X direction
scale_y : the scale factor in the Y direction
interp_type : the interpolation type for the transformation.

gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple ()

GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple
                                            (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                             int overall_alpha,
                                             int check_size,
                                             guint32 color1,
                                             guint32 color2);

Creates a new GdkPixbuf by scaling src to dest_width x dest_height and compositing the result with a checkboard of colors color1 and color2.

src : a GdkPixbuf
dest_width : the width of destination image
dest_height : the height of destination image
interp_type : the interpolation type for the transformation.
overall_alpha : overall alpha for source image (0..255)
check_size : the size of checks in the checkboard (must be a power of two)
color1 : the color of check at upper left
color2 : the color of the other check
Returns : the new GdkPixbuf, or NULL if not enough memory could be allocated for it.

gdk_pixbuf_composite ()

void        gdk_pixbuf_composite            (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                             int dest_x,
                                             int dest_y,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             double offset_x,
                                             double offset_y,
                                             double scale_x,
                                             double scale_y,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                             int overall_alpha);

Creates a transformation of the source image src by scaling by scale_x and scale_y then translating by offset_x and offset_y. This gives an image in the coordinates of the destination pixbuf. The rectangle (dest_x, dest_y, dest_width, dest_height) is then composited onto the corresponding rectangle of the original destination image.

When the destination rectangle contains parts not in the source image, the data at the edges of the source image is replicated to infinity.

Figure 1. Compositing of pixbufs

Compositing of pixbufs


src : a GdkPixbuf
dest : the GdkPixbuf into which to render the results
dest_x : the left coordinate for region to render
dest_y : the top coordinate for region to render
dest_width : the width of the region to render
dest_height : the height of the region to render
offset_x : the offset in the X direction (currently rounded to an integer)
offset_y : the offset in the Y direction (currently rounded to an integer)
scale_x : the scale factor in the X direction
scale_y : the scale factor in the Y direction
interp_type : the interpolation type for the transformation.
overall_alpha : overall alpha for source image (0..255)

gdk_pixbuf_composite_color ()

void        gdk_pixbuf_composite_color      (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             GdkPixbuf *dest,
                                             int dest_x,
                                             int dest_y,
                                             int dest_width,
                                             int dest_height,
                                             double offset_x,
                                             double offset_y,
                                             double scale_x,
                                             double scale_y,
                                             GdkInterpType interp_type,
                                             int overall_alpha,
                                             int check_x,
                                             int check_y,
                                             int check_size,
                                             guint32 color1,
                                             guint32 color2);

Creates a transformation of the source image src by scaling by scale_x and scale_y then translating by offset_x and offset_y, then composites the rectangle (dest_x ,dest_y, dest_width, dest_height) of the resulting image with a checkboard of the colors color1 and color2 and renders it onto the destination image.

See gdk_pixbuf_composite_color_simple() for a simpler variant of this function suitable for many tasks.

src : a GdkPixbuf
dest : the GdkPixbuf into which to render the results
dest_x : the left coordinate for region to render
dest_y : the top coordinate for region to render
dest_width : the width of the region to render
dest_height : the height of the region to render
offset_x : the offset in the X direction (currently rounded to an integer)
offset_y : the offset in the Y direction (currently rounded to an integer)
scale_x : the scale factor in the X direction
scale_y : the scale factor in the Y direction
interp_type : the interpolation type for the transformation.
overall_alpha : overall alpha for source image (0..255)
check_x : the X offset for the checkboard (origin of checkboard is at -check_x, -check_y)
check_y : the Y offset for the checkboard
check_size : the size of checks in the checkboard (must be a power of two)
color1 : the color of check at upper left
color2 : the color of the other check

enum GdkPixbufRotation

typedef enum {
	GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_NONE             =   0,
	GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_COUNTERCLOCKWISE =  90,
	GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_UPSIDEDOWN       = 180,
	GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_CLOCKWISE        = 270
} GdkPixbufRotation;

The possible rotations which can be passed to gdk_pixbuf_rotate_simple(). To make them easier to use, their numerical values are the actual degrees.

GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_NONE No rotation.
GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_COUNTERCLOCKWISE Rotate by 90 degrees.
GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_UPSIDEDOWN Rotate by 180 degrees.
GDK_PIXBUF_ROTATE_CLOCKWISE Rotate by 270 degrees.

gdk_pixbuf_rotate_simple ()

GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_rotate_simple        (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             GdkPixbufRotation angle);

Rotates a pixbuf by a multiple of 90 degrees, and returns the result in a new pixbuf.

src : a GdkPixbuf
angle : the angle to rotate by
Returns : a new pixbuf

Since 2.6


gdk_pixbuf_flip ()

GdkPixbuf*  gdk_pixbuf_flip                 (const GdkPixbuf *src,
                                             gboolean horizontal);

Flips a pixbuf horizontally or vertically and returns the result in a new pixbuf.

src : a GdkPixbuf
horizontal : TRUE to flip horizontally, FALSE to flip vertically
Returns : a new pixbuf.

Since 2.6

See Also

GdkRGB.